Editor’s Note: This article by Prof. Ludwig-Wang was published on May, 3, 2025. She cites many of the same laws and concepts as I have done in my videos regarding the violation of the papal law on Conclaves, but she has made some observations which are her very own and are more precise. Professor Ludwig-Wang holds a Masters in Theology.
The novel argument Dr. Ludwig-Wang advances, seems to me to be very valid: that just because a man under 80 years of age is made a Cardinal, does not mean he has any rights to vote in a Conclave IF there are already 120 Cardinals eligible to be electors. Here she is considering the act of nomination as a Cardinal as a thing in of itself, rather than the purpose for its creation. And I agree, as I said in my video, today, Part II, that the juridical presumption regarding the creation of a Cardinal under 80 years of age is to provide for a valid election in Conclave, not to violate the law on Conclaves.
I would comment on the above article, but Substack has blacklisted me, even though I have never used that platform, for I do disagree with the Professor, who says that benefits are to be multiplied but obligations limited, when the correct maxim to apply is, that privileges must cede to general laws, as Gratian cites from the Theodosian Code: Codice Teodosiano: DEM AAA. VICTORIO P(RO)C(ONSULI) ASIAE), that is, that the privilege of an individual Cardinal to vote cannot be used to transgress a formal precept binding all Cardinals nor canon 335, which binds all Catholics during a sede vacante.
A Canon Lawyer at Rome has also been asked the same question
There is a Canon Lawyer at Rome, Cathy Caridi, who publishes a Blog called, “Canon Law Made Easy”, who was asked the same question, whether 133 Cardinals in the Conclave would invalidate the Conclave, back on May 5th.
And while she in no way cites any law or source of ecclesiastical right to support her opinion — she holds a JCL not a doctorate — she says there is no problem, citing merely the historical fact that the amount of electors has changed over the centuries: an argument which is based on no juridical reason or motive, since we are not talking about a rule in the present law which cites custom or predecessors for his reason for existing.
She is the same person who prophetically admitted in January 2013, that a papal resignation could be invalid, but after Pope Benedict XVI invalidly resigned, she said it was valid. However, I cite her now, anyhow, just as I have done before, because here at FromRome.Info, I try to inform the readers of everything going on at Rome.
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